ABSTRACT

Sedentary behavior (SB) is increasingly prevalent and poses significant health risks. Extensive research links SB to heightened risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, depression, and cognitive impairment. Those living with chronic disease or disability are particularly susceptible because of age-related physical decline, mobility limitations, and multimorbidity. This review synthesizes current evidence on SB within clinical populations and proposes effective tools and strategies to combat SB, highlighting the importance of personalized interventions. Barriers to reducing sedentary time include limited self-efficacy, lack of time, access, transportation, disability, pain, and comorbidities. Assessment tools such as questionnaires, wearable devices, and ecological momentary assessments are crucial for identifying and addressing SB. Interventions should be individualized, targeting core components of SB and addressing unique barriers within each clinical context. Strategies include motivational interviewing, self-monitoring, and multi-strategy approaches combining education, goal setting, and problem-solving. Reducing SB necessitates ongoing assessment, behavioral reinforcement, and persistent monitoring, all of which should align with global health guidelines that advocate for reduced SB and increased movement. Integrating assessments and tailored behavioral strategies may lead to significant reductions in sedentary time and improved overall health outcomes among individuals with chronic diseases.