ABSTRACT

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of autoimmune diseases characterized by the cyclical nature of flare and remission periods that can affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Physical activity can benefit HRQOL in the general population and in individuals with chronic diseases. However, there is a paucity of data on physical activity and HRQOL in IBD. The purpose was to characterize physical activity, sitting, HRQOL, and resilience levels in people with IBD (in remission and disease flare) compared with healthy controls.

Methods: Participants with IBD (n = 242; 96 in disease flare and 146 in disease remission) and healthy controls (n = 265) reported levels of physical activity, sitting, HRQOL, and resilience. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, with demographic variables as covariates.

Results: IBD participants reported lower physical activity and resilience than controls (P < 0.05) with no differences between disease states. Time spent sitting was not different across groups (P = 0.07). There were lower scores of physical and mental HRQOL in people with IBD (44.2 ± 9.7 and 40.7 ± 11.7, respectively) than controls (55.9 ± 6.0 and 48.1 ± 10.0, respectively; P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that people with IBD have lower levels of physical activity, HRQOL, and resilience than healthy controls but no difference in time spent sitting. There were no apparent negative consequences of a disease flare on physical activity and resilience levels; however, those in a flare reported reduced HRQOL. Research should begin to focus on physical activity or mental skills training interventions for improving HRQOL in people with IBD, particularly those in a disease flare.

ABSTRACT

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to evaluate risk of disease, but can be misleading because it does not account for different types of tissue mass (e.g., bone, muscle, fat). The purpose of this study was to classify adults in the United States according to cardiovascular fitness (CVF), BMI, and body fat using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Methods: The three most current NHANES datasets (6,648 records) were included. Counts, means, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined the distribution of CVF across percent of body fat and BMI categories.

Results: According to BMI, approximately 42.3% of participants were classified as either underweight or normal weight, and 24.9% were classified as obese. According to percent of body fat, 13.5% of subjects were classified as lean, while 68.4% of subjects were in the high percent body fat group. In regard to BMI, 9.9% and 6.7% of the overweight and obese populations, respectively, were classified in the highest third of CVF. According to adiposity, 6.6% and 21.0% of the moderate and high percent body fat population fell into the same category, respectively.

Conclusion: Two-thirds of the population ranked below the 35th percentile for body fat (high percent body fat), with more of these individuals in the low CVF category than any other. The largest categorization for BMI was the normal-weight category. This supports that BMI may be misleading, and that utilizing percent body fat and CVF may provide a better indication of health.

ABSTRACT

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) influences mortality from chronic diseases and is commonly expressed relative to body weight. However, CRF relative to lean body mass (LBM) is more informative because of its energy demand; this is relevant in chronic diseases such as HIV infection. The primary aims of this study were to compare CRF (1) in absolute terms, (2) relative to body weight, and (3) relative to LBM in HIV positive (HIV+) and HIV negative (HIV−) women; and to determine the percent variance explained by body weight vs. LBM.

Methods: Measures of total mass, LBM, and fat were conducted with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA); and body weight, and fat also with bio-impedance analysis (BIA) in 32 HIV+ and 15 HIV− Hispanic women. CRF was measured on a cycle ergometer using 25W increments until volitional fatigue. Independent t tests were conducted to detect between group differences, and linear regressions to determine the percent variance in CRF explained by body weight and LBM.

Results: No between group differences were observed for age (45.1 ± 10.4 vs. 41.1 ± 14.2 y), BMI (28.8 ± 5.9 vs. 28.0 ± 6.3 kg·m⁻²), BIA fat (43.0% ± 8.6% vs. 44.1% ± 6.7%), DEXA fat (41.1% ± 7.2% vs. 43.3% ± 4.8%), LBM (41.6 ± 5.7 vs. 39.6 ± 6.7 kg), absolute CRF (1.40 ± 0.34 vs. 1.53 ± 0.34 L·min⁻¹), or CRF relative to body weight (19.3 ± 3.6 vs. 21.4 ± 4.2 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹). A lower CRF relative to LBM was observed among HIV+ compared with HIV− women (33.4 ± 5.3 vs. 38.6 ± 6.3 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, P = 0.006). Body weight and LBM explained 38% and 50% of the variance in CRF in men and women, respectively.

Conclusion: These results suggest that LBM might be considered for CRF comparison between various population groups, particularly HIV+ women.

#1: Hypertension, Aerobic Exercise, and Timing

BritoLC

PecanhaT

FecchioRY

RezendeRA

SousaP

DaSilva-JuniorN

AbreuA

SilvaG

Mion-JuniorD

HalliwillJR

ForjazCL.

Morning versus evening aerobic training effects on blood pressure in treated hypertension.Med Sci Sports Exerc.2019;51(

):653–62.

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular risk factor, associated with 8 million deaths per year (1). There are currently 75 million Americans (2) and 6 million Australian (3)

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Arterial Health in Adults With Down Syndrome

Brantley K. BallengerPhD, ACSM-CEP,

Stanley P. BrownPhD,

Bo FernhallPhD,

Robert W. MotlPhD, and

Stamatis AgiovlasitisPhD, ACSM-CEP

Physical Activity, Sitting, Quality of Life, and Resilience in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

ABSTRACT

Fitness and Fatness: Body Mass Index versus Percent Body Fat

ABSTRACT

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Relative to Lean Body Mass in HIV+ and HIV− Women

ABSTRACT

Exercise Recommendations for Cardiac Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

ABSTRACT

Research Highlights

#1: Hypertension, Aerobic Exercise, and Timing

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Arterial Health in Adults With Down Syndrome

Health Care Professionals’ Promotion of Exercise Referral Schemes in New South Wales

Enrolling Patients With Claudication into Supervised Exercise Therapy: A Single-Center Experience

Farewell, but Not Goodbye

Feasibility of Noninvasive Diastolic Stress Testing in the 10- to 21-Year-Old Age Group